literaturcorner.com Check and balance adalah pengawasan dan keseimbangan dimana dalam prinsip pemerintahan cabang kekuasaan pemerintahan terpisah, untuk mencegah tindakan oleh cabang kekuasaan lain yang melanggar peraturan perundang-undangan dan konstitusi maka sangat diperlukan check and balance dalam pemerintahan Indonesia.
Montesquieu mengemukakan teori pemisahan kekuasaan negara dalam tiga bidang, yaitu: pertama, kekuasaan Legislatif adalah kekuasaan yang membentuk Undang-undang, kedua, kekuasaan Eksekutif adalah kekuasaan yang melaksanakan Undang-undang dan ketiga, kekuasaan Yudikatif adalah yang menjalankan kekuasaan kehakiman.
Konsep Trias Politica adalah suatu prinsip normatif bahwa kekuasaan-kekuasaan yang sebaiknya tidak di serahkan kepada orang yang sama untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan kekuasaan oleh pihak yang berkuasa. Artinya bahwa konsep Trias Politica dari Montesquei yang ditulis dalam bukunya L’esprit des lois (The Spirit of Laws) menawarkan suatu konsep mengenai kehidupan bernegara dengan melakukan pemisahan kekuasaan yang diharapkan akan saling lepas dalam kedudukan yang sederajat, sehingga dapat saling mengendalikan dan saling mengimbangi satu sama lain (check and balances), selain itu harapannya dapat membatasi kekuasaan agar tidak terjadi pemusatan kekuasaan pada satu tangan yang nantinya akan melahirkan kesewenang-wenangan.
Menurut Montesquieu, ketika kekuasaan Legislatif dan Eksekutif disatukan pada orang atau badan yang sama, maka tidak akan ada lagi kebebasan sebab terdapat bahaya bahwa badan Legislatif yang sama akan memberlakukan Undang-Undang tirani dan melaksanakannya dengan cara yang tiran pula.
Baca Juga : CETAK KADER YANG BERINTEGRITAS DAN MILITANSI, PK PMII UNUSIA B GELAR PKD
Berbagai hal yang terjadi ketika di sahkannya UU IKN, padahal dalam prosesnya penygusunannya tidak melalui proses yang transpran, tanpa melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat secara signifikan, dan subtansi yang tidak komperhensif. Alasan akademiknya sudah meruapakan keinginan presiden jokowi seperti yang tertera dalam naskah akdemik alinea ke satu yang dikeluarkan oeh kementrian perencanaan pembangunan nasional/Bappenas “puji syukur atas kami panjatkan atas kehadirat Tuhan yang Esa, akhirnya penyusunan naskah akademik Rancangan Undang-Undang tentang ibukota negara telah di selsaikan. Penyusunan Naskah Akademik ini merupakan tindak lanjut dari arahan presiden untuk menyusun Rancangan Undanh-Undang tentang ibukota Negara. Arahan tersebut sesuai selaras dengan pidato presiden di sidang tahunan Majelis Permusyawaran Rakyat Republik Indonesia pada 16 Agustus 2019 dan pengumuman pemindahan ibu kota Negara oleh Presiden pada 26 agustus 2019 di Istana Negara.
Artinya suatu kebijakan nasional yang sangat penting yang dirumuskan daam suatu UU, landasannya hanya menggunakan arahan presiden. Biasanya bappenas itu bekerja dengan alasan perencanaan yang kuat yang tetap mengaju pada RPJP dan RPJM yang di tetapkan dengan UU atau peraturan presiden.
Seharusnya pemerintah membungkus dulu arahan Presiden dan pidato Presiden dalam dokumen yang bernama Perpusehingga ada aspek legalitas yang jelas. Karena dalam UU nomor 12 thn 2011 tentang penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan, pasal 7 ayat (1) huruf a-g tidak ada satupun klausul yang mencantumkan arahan dan pidato kenegaraan pada sidang Tahunan MPR sebagai jenis dan hirarki peraturan perundang-undangan.
Seharusnya sebagai wakil kami di senanyan saya bisa mengkritisi terkait UU ini, namun mungkin karena mereka bukan oposisi jadi hanya mengikuti apa yang diperintahkan partai saja, maka sama saja semuanya mengikuti apa yang diinginkan oleh presiden sebagai eksekutif.
Check and balance antara DPR dan presiden semakin jauh dari harapan masyarakat, 90% partai telah membuat ikatan persaudaraan kesepakatan yang kuat sehingga mereka sudah kepada kelompok oligarki, dan mungkin menjadi bagian dari oligarki. Karena jika sistem ini terus terjadi, siapapun presidennya kita tidak akan pernah bisa melawan oligarki itu. Mereka sudah kokoh di dalam DPR sana. Karena bagi eksekutif (presiden) kerjasama yang paling aman adalah kerjasama secara mutual (sismbiosis mutualisme). Karena kalo sudah dalam ikatan persaudaraan, sangat mudah mengatur kebijakan, jadi partai besar yang telah berdsaudara tidak akan pernah ambil pusing karena ambang batas parliamentary thereshold 20%.
Daftar Pusataka
1) Marwan Effendy, Kejaksaan RI Posisi Dan Fungsinya Dari Perspektif
Hukum, (Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2005), hlm. 42.
2) CF. Strong, Konstitusi-konstitusi Politik Modern, (Bandung: Nusa Media,
2008), hlm. 330.
3)https://www.dpr.go.id/dokakd/dokumen/PANSUS-RJ-20211214-125732-5084.pdf di akses tanggal 7 februari 2022
Penulis : Rajab Ahirulah
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