Akhir-akhir ini manusia seperti sudah kehilangan kesadaran dirinya sebagai insan yang hidup di bumi dengan potensi-potensi yang ada dalam dirinya sejak lahir. Potensi-potensi dalam diri manusia ini akan aktif jika mereka mulai timbul kesadaran dan mulai berpikir bahwa mereka berbeda dengan manusia lainnya.
Adapun potensi-potensi tersebut menurut Howard Gardner dan Elisabeth, seorang peneliti dan dosen kognisi dan Sekolah Pascasarjana Pendidikan Harvard University adalah sebagai berikut:
Kecerdasan Verbal-Linguistik (berkaitan dengan kata-kata dan Bahasa, baik lisan maupun tulisan),
Kecerdasan Logika-Matematika (berpikir secara konseptual, realistis, dan logis),
Kecerdasan Spasial (mampu membaca arah, warna, dimensi, visual, kemudian mengubahnya menjadi arsitektur, lukisan, dan patung).
Kecerdasan Gerak-Kinestetik (menguasai tubuhnya dan mengekspresikan ide dan perasaan seperti koreografer, atlet, dan lainnya),
Kecerdasan Musikal (responsif terhadap bunyi-bunyian dan suara-suara yang bernada dan menemukan irama dan polanya),
Kecerdasan Interpersonal (jiwa organisatoris, empatik, bersosialisasi, punya self-awarness, suka mendengar kata hati),
Kecerdasan Intrapersonal (kemampuan menangkap dan membedakan emosi, perasaan),
Kecerdasan Naturalis (peka dan mahir dalam flora dan fauna serta alam dan lingkungan), dan
Kecerdasan Eksistensial (kemampuan memaknai kehidupan, kematian, cinta, dan kesenian secara mendalam).
Dari semua potensi-potensi kecerdasan di atas, sepertinya sebagian atau kebanyakan dari manusia memiliki kecenderungan itu. Hal yang lebih disayangkan mungkin adalah orang-orang punya potensi itu namun tidak menyadarinya. Kejadian seperti ini mungkin terjadi dikarenakan oleh beberapa tembok penghalang. Bisa jadi seperti terlalu pesimis, terlalu memikirkan pendapat orang lain soal dirinya dan kadang membuat dia ingin menjadi seperti apa yang diinginkan orang lain, tidak percaya diri, dan lebih memikirkan akibat internal dirinya dari pada mencari sumber akibatnya.
Jika hal itu terjadi, manusia akan semakin jauh dan tenggelam dalam lautan ketidakberdayaan menemukan dirinya dan hanya ada dua kemungkinan untuk terlepas dari semua itu; menerima dirinya terpenjara dalam penderitaan yang tidak dapat mereka kontrol atau bangkit dengan kesadaran bahwa mereka punya hak atas dirinya untuk menjadi manusia utuh dan menjalani hidup yang mereka mengerti.
Sikap sadar mungkin salah satu langkah awal manusia untuk terus-menerus mengenali dirinya. Konsep kesadaran ini merupakan konsep yang membingungkan, pasalnya beberapa ahli psikolog dan filsuf memiliki pandangan yang bervariatif soal pengertiannya.
Namun, pengertian kesadaran menurut Zeman (2001) ini mungkin bisa menjadi acuan bahwa menurutnya, kesadaran adalah pengetahuan tentang suatu hal dan mentransfernya ke dalam diri dan orang lain. Dalam hal ini, manusia yang mengalami proses kesadaran adalah mereka yang telah mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang sesuatu dan membagikan di dalam dirinya dan orang lain.
Sebagai contoh, dalam aspek materialistik, seseorang akan melakukan perjalanan yang cukup jauh menggunakan mobil dan ia sering tidak membawa ban cadangan. Di tengah perjalanan yang sepi, bannya tiba-tiba bocor sehingga membuatnya berhenti dan mulai menyadari bahwa ia tidak biasa membawa ban cadangan. Akhirnya, ia marah dan mengutuk diri dan mobilnya habis-habisan serta mulai menyadari bahwa membawa ban cadangan itu sangat penting. Lalu timbul keinginan untuk mengingatkan keluarga, kerabat, dan teman dekat untuk tetap selalu membawa ban cadangan saat berkendara jauh.
Atau contoh dalam aspek metafisik, seseorang mengalami ketidakpercayaan diri yang berlarut-larut sehingga membuatnya ingin terus menyendiri, sampai akhirnya suatu momen spiritual membuatnya tersadar dan bangkit bahwa ia sudah menemukan kepercayaan dirinya. Kemudian proses menemukan kesadaran itu ia terima dalam dirinya dan membagikannya pada orang yang sedang mengalami perasaan tidak percaya diri.
Dalam contoh metafisik mungkin agak kompleks, sebab seseorang menemukan kesadarannya sendiri bisa melalui proses yang berbeda-beda.
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Referensi:
Hastjarjo, D. (2005). Sekilas Tentang Kesadaran (Consciousness). Buletin Psikologi, 80.
Wulandari, T. (2021, Mei Minggu). detikEdu. Retrieved from detik.com: https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-5587544/9-jenis-kecerdasan-manusia-menurut-peneliti-harvard-bantu-cara-belajar
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